January 2023 – This article published in a special edition of Children identifies conditions that are commonly associated with developmental disabilities based on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes and clarifies the concept of “developmentally on track” as it relates to children with developmental disabilities and developmental delays. The authors summarize the latest evidence on the global burden of developmental disabilities in children under 5 years based on the diagnostic and functional approaches for measuring disabilities at the population level. They highlighted the global health context for addressing the needs of children with developmental disabilities and provided an overview of the opportunities and the role of pediatric caregivers in supporting children with developmental disabilities.